An update on Nanoparticle Formulation Design of Piperine to Improve its Oral bioavailability: A Review

Piperine, a crystalline alkaloid compound isolated from Piper nigrum, piper longum, and other types of piper, has had many fabulous pharmacological advantages for preventing treating some specific diseases, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antimetastatic, antithyroid, immunomodulatory, antitumor, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, Alzheimer's, improving the bioavailability drugs. However, its potential clinical use through oral usage is hindered by water solubility poor bioavailability. The low level caused in photosensitive, susceptible to isomerization UV light, which causes piperine concentration decrease. Many different formulation approaches have been applied improve piperine. There strategies that successfully implemented increasing within body, nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, salt formation, liposomes, complexation using polymers, micro/nano-emulsions, solid dispersions. This review presents summary biopharmaceuticals, new design piperine, several techniques methods conducting selective sensitive analysis biological fluids.